On January 1, 1804, Jean-Jacques Dessalines declared Haiti’s independence and the country became the first free Black Republic, ending slavery. The Soup Joumou (winter squash), which was prepared by the slaves, for the slavemasters, was forbidden to them. Therefore, since January 1st 1804, its consumption is a strong symbol of celebration and liberation of the Haitian people which is celebrated every year around the world.
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Premye Janvye 1804, Jean-Jacques Desalin te deklare endepandans Ayiti, se te premye Repiblik nwa lib, sispan esklavaj. Soup Joumou, ki te prepare pou met esklav yo, te entèdi pou esklav yo. Se sa ki fè, depi jou sa a, nan dat sa a, konsomasyon li se yon senbol solid nan selebrasyon ak Liberasyon pep Ayisyen ke yo selebre atravè mond lan.
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Le 1er Janvier 1804, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, déclare l’indépendance d’Haïti et elle devient la première République Noire libre, mettant fin à l’esclavage.
La soupe au Giraumon qui était préparée pour les maîtres, était interdite aux esclaves. Par conséquent, depuis ce jour, à cette date, sa consommation est un symbole fort de célébration et de libération du peuple haïtien célébrée autour du monde.
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#ayiti #independance #endepandans #istwa #1804 #janvier #joumou #soupe #soup #ayisyen #haitien #haitian #blackrepublic #dessalines #slaves #slavery #history #histoire #haiti #slave #slavemaster #maitre #westindies #hispaniola #carribeans #africa #france #french 📸: Cindy Similien-Johnson

Toussaint had been arrested and sent to Fort-de-Joux, heavily guarded, on April 7 1803, he passed away. Certainly he suffered from exposure and cold, and was said to have suffered from loneliness. An autopsy attributed his death to lung disease.
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Toussaint avait été arrêté et envoyé à Fort-de-Joux, sous haute surveillance, le 7 avril 1803, il est décédé. Certes, il souffrait de froid et d’exposition et aurait souffert de solitude. Une autopsie a attribué sa mort à une maladie pulmonaire.
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Yo te arete Toussaint Ayiti epi yo te voye l nan Fort-de-Joux, nan prizon a yo te byen veye li, nan dat 7 avril 1803, li te mouri. Sètènman li te soufri nan kondisyon fredi nan kacho a, e yo di li te soufri solitid. Yon otopsi atribiye lanmò li ak maladi poumon.
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Source: Victor Schoelcher, book Vie de Toussaint Louverture
1.Main) Bust of Toussaint Louverture
2.Prison of Fort de Joux, where Toussaint died. Kote Toussaint te mouri.
3.Memorial plate.
4.Memorial place with his remains. Simityè kote yo antere li.
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#haiti #hayti #tousaint #toussaintlouverture #louverture #fortdejoux #joux #france #prison #prisonner #prisonnier #memorial #haitians #haitianrevolution #revolution #slavery #abolition #breda #blackspartacus #freedom #general #slaverebellion #indigenous #spartacus

On April 4th 1792, in the middle of slave revolts, the French National Assembly adopted a decree granting full rights to free people of colour. From that day forward there were free men or slaves. This historical moment was pivotal for the relationship between the slaves, the French colonists and the free people of colour (mulattos and blacks). It granted them equal political rights as their white counterparts, but the owners didn’t apply it right away. (Source: Culture & Révolution – Ardouin: Études sur l’Histoire d’Haïti)
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Le 4 avril 1792, au milieu des révoltes d’esclaves, l’Assemblée Nationale française adopta un décret octroyant des droits aux gens de couleur. À partir de ce jour, il y eut des hommes libres ou des esclaves. Ce moment historique fût crucial pour la relation entre les esclaves, les colons français et les affranchis, gens de couleur (mulâtres et noirs). Ce décret leur accordait des droits politiques égaux à ceux de leurs homologues blancs, mais les propriétaires ne l’appliquèrent pas tout de suite.
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4 avril 1792, nan mitan revòlt esklav yo, asanble nasyonal franse a te adopte yon dekrè ki te akòde dwa pou tout nèg nwa ak nèg milat. Depi jou sa a te gen moun lib oswa esklav. Moman istorik sa a te enpòtan pou relasyon ant esklav yo, ak kolon franse yo ak nèg lib yo (milat ak nèg nwa). Li akòde yo dwa politik egal ak blan yo, mèt pwopriyete yo pa t ‘aplike li touswit. .
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#haiti #hayti #sonthonax #decret #plantations #esclavage #slavery #polverel #delpech #haitians #colonial #colonies #assemblee #francaise #french #mulatres #noirs #black #slaves #freedom #milat #nwa #laws #1792

In 1818 Pétion replaced Boyer as the 2nd President of the Republic of Haiti. Pétion had selected Boyer as his successor as a measure to protect the nation from foreign intrusion.
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Président Boyer was confronted with Henri Christophe in the north. Christophe’s rule created unrest in the Kingdom. After his soldiers rebelled against him in 1820, in failing health and fearing assassination, Christophe committed suicide. Boyer easily reunited Haiti.
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Born in Port-au-Prince, he was the mulatto son of a French tailor and a former slave from Congo. He was sent to France to become educated. During the French Revolution, he fought as a battalion commander, and against Toussaint Louverture in the early years of the Haitian Revolution.
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After the uprising of African slaves in the north of Saint-Domingue in 1791, Boyer joined the French and fought against the grand blancs (plantation owners) and royalists. In 1794, Saint-Domingue was invaded by the British trying to capitalize on the unrest in the formerly wealthy colony. Boyer went to Jacmel, and joined mulatto leader, General Rigaud. While other mulatto leaders surrendered to Louverture in south, Boyer escaped to France with Rigaud and Pétion.
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Next, he returned to Haiti to protest the independence that Louverture had just achieved. By early 1802, Rigaud and other leaders learned that the French intended to take away the civil rights of mulattoes and re-institute slavery in Saint-Domingue (as they had managed to do in Guadeloupe.) They sent General LeClerc to defeat the rebels, and Boyer collaborated with other native leaders to defeat the French but most had died as a result of yellow fever.
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Boyer’s rule lasted until 1843, the poor economic situation was worsened by an earthquake. The majority rural population rose up under President Hérard. On 13 Feb. 1843, Boyer fled to Jamaica. He eventually settled in exile in France, and died in Paris in 1850.
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#haiti #hayti #ayiti #boyer #president #petion #christophe #congo #kongo #france #revolution #haitians #african #republic #republique #royalist #britain #slaves #slavery #jamaica #frenchrevolution #haitianrevolution #revolutionfrancaise

Adbaraya Toya aka Victoria Montou was born in the Dahomey Kingdom (Bénin), she ranked high amongst the Amazons known as N’Nonmiton filled with the fiercest warriors. She was a midwife, a warrior and a healer. She raised Haiti’s founding father Dessalines and his two brothers and taught him the physical maneuvers of effective hand to hand combat, how to shoot and how to throw a knife, and trained others in the art of war. Her abduction, would ship her to a new life of enslavement in Haiti. Her warrior spirit stayed with her and would not be broken through the slave trip. A soldier and freedom fighter in the army of Jean-Jacques Dessalines during the Haitian Revolution. She was not the only woman to serve in the Haitian army during the revolution, but most of the names of the female soldiers were forgotten by history.
Montou had worked alongside Dessalines as a slave. She was described as intelligent, energetic, and felt hatred toward slavery. She was an extraordinary warrior and commanded her own indigenous army. When Montou was dying, the emperor demanded the doctor to treat her as he would him, and stated that Toya, who was not related by blood to him, was his aunt. She was given a state funeral with a procession of eight sergeants.
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Source:wikipedia
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#haiti #hayti #ayiti #dahomey #amazon #amazons #istwa #istwa1804 #1804 #dessalines #haitians #haitianrevolution #benin #dahomee #victoriamontou #fanmvanyan #westafrica #slavery #slavetrade #saintdomingue #hispaniola #war #revolution #civilwar #womeninhistory #womenhistorymonth #black #blackpanther #femalewarriors #warriors #fanmvanyan

The group of Dominican independence fighters was Called “La Trinitaria” (“The Trinity”), this organization was composed of Spanish Creoles, mulattoes, and blacks, they were led by Juan Pablo Duarte, Francisco del Rosario Sánchez and Matías Ramón Mella. Independence was proclaimed in the city of Santo Domingo on 27 February 1844, but on the following day a group of ex-slaves led by Santiago Basora, announced its opposition to the independentists. These men suspected that the rebels intended to reintroduce slavery; if this was true, the blacks were ready to fight alongside the Haitians. Trinitaria leaders realized the explosive nature of this situation and moved rapidly to defuse it. The very next day, 28 February provisional President Tomás Bobadilla and Vice-President Manuel Jimenes conferred with Basora and his supporters, and on the following day slavery was again declared abolished. The war to expel Haiti from Dominican soil was a great success: This was the last time ever Haiti would dominate the Dominican nation.
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#haiti #hayti #dr #independence #dominican #santodomingo #latrinitaria #spanish #mulatto #black #blacks #criollo #slavery #1844 #1804 #1822 #sanchez #fighters #ayiti #duarte #mella #reforma #lareforma #boyer #caceres

William Edward Burghardt Du Bois, born on February 23, 1868 and died on August 27, 1963. He was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, writer and editor. Born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, Du Bois grew up in a relatively tolerant and integrated community, and after completing graduate work at the University of Berlin and Harvard, where he was the first African American to earn a doctorate, he became a professor of history, sociology and economics at Atlanta University.
Du Bois was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.
Before that, Du Bois had risen to national prominence as the leader of the Niagara Movement, a group of African-American activists who wanted equal rights for blacks. –
Du Bois and his supporters opposed the Atlanta compromise, an agreement crafted by Booker T. Washington which provided that Southern blacks would work and submit to white political rule, while Southern whites guaranteed that blacks would receive basic educational and economic opportunities. Instead, Du Bois insisted on full civil rights and increased political representation, which he believed would be brought about by the African-American intellectual elite. –
He referred to this group as the Talented Tenth and believed that African Americans needed the chances for advanced education to develop its leadership.
William Du Bois’s paternal great-grandfather was James Du Bois of Poughkeepsie, New York, an ethnic French-American of Huguenot origin who fathered several children with slave women. One of James’ mixed-race sons was Alexander, who was born on Long Cay in the Bahamas in 1803; in 1810 he immigrated to the United States with his father. Alexander Du Bois traveled and worked in Haiti, where he fathered a son, Alfred, with a mistress. Alexander returned to Connecticut, leaving Alfred in Haiti with his mother.
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#haiti #webdubois #dubois #ma #bahamas #naacp #panafrican #history #civilright #harvard #africa #american #atlanta #bookertwashington #southernblack #ghana #accra #slavery #slave #reconstruction #fisk #jimcrow #harlemrenaissance

On January 27th 1801, Toussaint Louverture invaded the eastern part of Hispaniola, captured Santo Domingo and declared freedom for all slaves on, he then appointed a ten-member Central Assembly to issue a constitution.
However, under Napoleon Bonaparte, France reimposed slavery in most of its Caribbean islands in 1802. Napoleon sent an army led by Charles Leclerc to bring order and reimpose slavery in Saint-Domingue.

Following those events, thousands of the French troops succumbed to yellow fever by the summer, and more than half of the French army died because of disease.
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#culture #istwa #montreal #haitien #haitian #ayiti #ayitien #ourstory #controlthenarrative #napoleonbonaparte #charlesleclerc #istwa1804 #mystory #history #haitianrevolution #haiti #istwa #saintdomingue #santodomingo #hispaniola #toussaintlouverture #leclerc #dessalines #overstand #christophe #yellowfever #henrichristophe #freedom #napoleonbonaparte #napoleon #slavery