On January 1, 1804, Jean-Jacques Dessalines declared Haiti’s independence and the country became the first free Black Republic, ending slavery. The Soup Joumou (winter squash), which was prepared by the slaves, for the slavemasters, was forbidden to them. Therefore, since January 1st 1804, its consumption is a strong symbol of celebration and liberation of the Haitian people which is celebrated every year around the world.
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Premye Janvye 1804, Jean-Jacques Desalin te deklare endepandans Ayiti, se te premye Repiblik nwa lib, sispan esklavaj. Soup Joumou, ki te prepare pou met esklav yo, te entèdi pou esklav yo. Se sa ki fè, depi jou sa a, nan dat sa a, konsomasyon li se yon senbol solid nan selebrasyon ak Liberasyon pep Ayisyen ke yo selebre atravè mond lan.
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Le 1er Janvier 1804, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, déclare l’indépendance d’Haïti et elle devient la première République Noire libre, mettant fin à l’esclavage.
La soupe au Giraumon qui était préparée pour les maîtres, était interdite aux esclaves. Par conséquent, depuis ce jour, à cette date, sa consommation est un symbole fort de célébration et de libération du peuple haïtien célébrée autour du monde.
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#ayiti #independance #endepandans #istwa #1804 #janvier #joumou #soupe #soup #ayisyen #haitien #haitian #blackrepublic #dessalines #slaves #slavery #history #histoire #haiti #slave #slavemaster #maitre #westindies #hispaniola #carribeans #africa #france #french 📸: Cindy Similien-Johnson

This book should be read by all. The first time I read this book, I thought it was taking place in the 1980s or 1990s. And then midway through the book, the author hits us with the fact that the story is taking place in the 1950s. The more the years pass, the more they remain the same.

So many aspects of New World Slavery is presented in this book. Jean-Robert, or Bobby, as he is called, is a chore boy in the house of Florence Cadet, passed on to her by Phillipe Sebastien, her white Frenchman lover. Bobby is not acknowledged by his white father, who sees him as disgraceful nuisance, and that has a toll on him for much of his life.

There’s so many echelons of slavery in this autobiography. Florence is kept in sexual slavery by her many lovers, which includes a priest. Bobby is in child slavery because he is not the legitimate son of Phillipe, and because his mother was an illiterate, low-class Haitian. Bobby’s mother Henriette was kept in social slavery because she was born into the wrong class. And for a long time, Bobby kept himself in mental slavery, unable to exterminate all the years of mental and physical abuse he suffered at the hands of Florence and her entourage.

I think that there may be people who might argue that Bobby’s survival has a lot to do with his immigration to the United States, a move that may not have been possible, had it not been for his biological father, the very source of his miseries. That his transition, as the subtitled states, from Haitian slave child to middle-class has more to do with his father, than his own assertion. To me, that wouldn’t be too good of an argument.

Once in New York, Bobby didn’t have to succeed. He could have subjected himself to drug abuse. He could have prostituted himself when Denis, Florence’s son and Lise wanted him out of the Brooklyn apartment, and he had to fend for himself. But instead, he chose to make it through life through hard work and perseverance. He could have been one of those people who blame their dysfunctional upbringing on how dismally their lives turned out, but he chose to take responsibility for himself.

It’s true that his father gave him a big boost by using his connections to get him a visa to the USA, but without Bobby’s own determination to find himself, to make his past oppressors proud, that passage into the USA and all the opportunities that the Land of the Free provides could have gone by Bobby. Once in the USA, Bobby is able to assert himself, to rid himself of his programmed inferiority complex little by little. But he’s faced head to head with racism. And he did move to the United States, pre-Civil Rights era, and as someone who is black and an immigrant, the path wasn’t exactly smooth.

And, oh, if you’ve read the book, please share your thoughts on it. Restavek deserves a sequel truly. Since I’ve read the book, I’ve wondered how Bobby is doing. If his father is still alive. As a matter of fact, we’re going to try to track down Mr. Jean-Robert Cadet. Surely you have some questions for him too. We’ll assemble them all, and make it part of a Q&A.

Anacaona was born in Yaguana (now Léogâne) the flourishing capital of Xaragua in 1474. –
 She and Yuisa (who was from Loiza which is now known as Puerto Rico) were the two only females Taino Caciques. She was a member of a family of chiefs including her brother Bohechío who was Chief of Xaragua. She was married to Caonabo who was chief of Maguana (in Dominican Rep.). He and her brother were among the top 5 caciques. Queen Anacaona was an adept ruler, warrior, and diplomat who at first had friendly relations with the Conquistadors. The relationship soured, they betrayed her and accused her husband of attacking a Spanish settlement in Northern Haiti then shipped him off to Spain (he died during the trip). Governor Nicola De Ovando felt threatened by Anacaona’s stance and as a result she died a gruesome death.
She has become one of the first Haitian heroes and is regarded as Haiti’s founder.
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Anacaona te fèt nan Yaguana (kounye a Léogâne) kapital Xaragua nan 1474.
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 Li menm ak Yuisa (ki moun ki te soti nan Loiza sa yo rele Puerto Rico jodi a) yo te de sèlman fanm ki te chèf Taino. Anacaona te manm nan yon fanmi chèf, frè li te réle Bohechío, li te Chèf Xaragua. Li te marye ak Caonabo ki te chèf nan Maguana (Repiblik Dominikèn jodi a.). Li menm ak frè li te nan mitan 5 premye kasik yo. Rèn la te yon chèf abil, yon sòlda vanyan, ak diplomat ki te gen bon relasyon ak konkeran Panyòl yo. Relasyon an te vinn gate, yo trayi li, yo akize mari li nan yon zafè atak yon koloni Panyòl nan Nò Ayiti. Pou tèt sa, yo déside aréte frè li pou yo voye’l ale Espay (li tou mouri nan vwayaj la). Gouvènè Nicola De Ovando te santi li menase devan Anacaona, kòm rezilta, li touye li yon fason vreman orib.
Li vin youn nan premye ewoyin ayisyen e li konsidere kòm fondatè peyi Ayiti.
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Source/Soùs:Nouvelliste/Wiki
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#haiti #hayti #ayiti #anacaona #tainos #caribs #history #histoire #yaguana #leogane #xaragua #dominican #dr #spanish #colony #loiza #puertorico #caonabo #maguana #cacique #conquistador #betrayal #founder #queen #womeninhistory #women #black #latina #slave #african

Marie Sainte Dédée Bazile (fl. 1806), aka Défilée and Défilée-La-Folle, is a figure of the Haitian Revolution. She is remembered for retrieving and burying the mutilated body of Emperor Jean-Jacques Dessalines after his assassination at Pont Larnage (now Pont Rouge) north of Port-au-Prince. –
Dédée Bazile was born near Cap-Français to enslaved parents and made a living serving as a sutler to the army of Dessalines. There are varying accounts of her madness but according to legend, Dédée Bazile either developed mental illness after she was raped by her master at age 18, or after some of her family members were killed in the defeat of Dessalines’s army by General Donatien Rochambeau.
On October 17, 1806, Emperor Dessalines was ambushed by his former comrades Alexandre Pétion, Jean-Pierre Boyer, André Rigaud, and Bruno Blanchet. He was fatally shot north of Port-au-Prince. His body was then brought into the city where it was stoned and mutilated by the crowds. Dédée Bazile, a fanatic admirer of Dessalines, gathered his remains in a sack and transported them to the Cimetière Intérieur to bury them.
Dédée Bazile died around 1816 and was buried in Port-au-Prince, but her grave has been lost. She was survived by her several children including her son Colonel Condol Bazile, officer of the constabulary under the Haitian president Faustin Soulouque. She is considered one of the four symbolic heroines of the independence of Haiti, alongside Sanité Bélair, Catherine Flon, and Cécile Fatiman
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#haiti #ayiti #istwa1804 #hayti #1804 #haitians #womenhistorymonth #women #blackwomen #black #dessalines #emperor #haitianrevolution #crazy #lafolle #slave #sanitebelair #catherineflon #cecilefatiman #revolution #women #history

William Edward Burghardt Du Bois, born on February 23, 1868 and died on August 27, 1963. He was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, writer and editor. Born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, Du Bois grew up in a relatively tolerant and integrated community, and after completing graduate work at the University of Berlin and Harvard, where he was the first African American to earn a doctorate, he became a professor of history, sociology and economics at Atlanta University.
Du Bois was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.
Before that, Du Bois had risen to national prominence as the leader of the Niagara Movement, a group of African-American activists who wanted equal rights for blacks. –
Du Bois and his supporters opposed the Atlanta compromise, an agreement crafted by Booker T. Washington which provided that Southern blacks would work and submit to white political rule, while Southern whites guaranteed that blacks would receive basic educational and economic opportunities. Instead, Du Bois insisted on full civil rights and increased political representation, which he believed would be brought about by the African-American intellectual elite. –
He referred to this group as the Talented Tenth and believed that African Americans needed the chances for advanced education to develop its leadership.
William Du Bois’s paternal great-grandfather was James Du Bois of Poughkeepsie, New York, an ethnic French-American of Huguenot origin who fathered several children with slave women. One of James’ mixed-race sons was Alexander, who was born on Long Cay in the Bahamas in 1803; in 1810 he immigrated to the United States with his father. Alexander Du Bois traveled and worked in Haiti, where he fathered a son, Alfred, with a mistress. Alexander returned to Connecticut, leaving Alfred in Haiti with his mother.
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#haiti #webdubois #dubois #ma #bahamas #naacp #panafrican #history #civilright #harvard #africa #american #atlanta #bookertwashington #southernblack #ghana #accra #slavery #slave #reconstruction #fisk #jimcrow #harlemrenaissance

Charles-Victor-Emmanuel Leclerc, was a French general, brother-in-law of Napoleon, who attempted to suppress the Haitian revolt led by the former slave Toussaint Louverture.
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Leclerc joined the army in 1792 and distinguished himself at the siege of Toulon. It was in this campaign that he met Napoleon Bonaparte, who developed a great affection for him; Leclerc would serve Napoleon faithfully for the rest of his life. Leclerc was promoted to general after duty in Napoleon’s Italian campaign. The relationship was further strengthened by Leclerc’s marriage (1797) to Napoleon’s sister Pauline Bonaparte. In 1799 Leclerc played a decisive role in the coup that brought Napoleon to power.
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After proving his abilities as a general both in the Egyptian campaign and in Germany (1800), Leclerc was sent by Napoleon to subdue the rebellion in Haiti, at that time known as Saint-Domingue.
Source: Encyclopedia Britannica
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#general #generalleclerc #french #frenchgeneral #napoleon #napoleonbonaparte #haitian #revolt #slave #haiti #ayiti #brotherinlaw #france #1804 #istwa1804 #history #herstory #mystory #colony #colonie #yellow #fever