In 1818 Pétion replaced Boyer as the 2nd President of the Republic of Haiti. Pétion had selected Boyer as his successor as a measure to protect the nation from foreign intrusion.
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Président Boyer was confronted with Henri Christophe in the north. Christophe’s rule created unrest in the Kingdom. After his soldiers rebelled against him in 1820, in failing health and fearing assassination, Christophe committed suicide. Boyer easily reunited Haiti.
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Born in Port-au-Prince, he was the mulatto son of a French tailor and a former slave from Congo. He was sent to France to become educated. During the French Revolution, he fought as a battalion commander, and against Toussaint Louverture in the early years of the Haitian Revolution.
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After the uprising of African slaves in the north of Saint-Domingue in 1791, Boyer joined the French and fought against the grand blancs (plantation owners) and royalists. In 1794, Saint-Domingue was invaded by the British trying to capitalize on the unrest in the formerly wealthy colony. Boyer went to Jacmel, and joined mulatto leader, General Rigaud. While other mulatto leaders surrendered to Louverture in south, Boyer escaped to France with Rigaud and Pétion.
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Next, he returned to Haiti to protest the independence that Louverture had just achieved. By early 1802, Rigaud and other leaders learned that the French intended to take away the civil rights of mulattoes and re-institute slavery in Saint-Domingue (as they had managed to do in Guadeloupe.) They sent General LeClerc to defeat the rebels, and Boyer collaborated with other native leaders to defeat the French but most had died as a result of yellow fever.
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Boyer’s rule lasted until 1843, the poor economic situation was worsened by an earthquake. The majority rural population rose up under President Hérard. On 13 Feb. 1843, Boyer fled to Jamaica. He eventually settled in exile in France, and died in Paris in 1850.
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Pierrot became president at the age of 84. He refused to live in Port-au-Prince ( Port-aux-Crimes) and designated Cap-Haitien the capital of Haiti. They referred to Port-au-Prince as “Port of Crimes”, which was the capital of Haiti, because of the assassination of Haiti’s emperor Jacques I aka Jean Jacques Dessalines, the leader of the Haitian Revolution. President Pierrot was obsessed with the idea of punishing the Dominicans for having declared their independence on February, 1844. A short war broke out between the two neighbors without a clear victor.
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Before being the 5th president of Haiti, Jean-Louis Michel Pierrot, fought under the command of Henri Christophe who crowned himself president for life of the State of Haiti (1807-1811), then had himself crowned King Henry I by the archbishop of Milot, and ruled the Kingdom of Haiti (1811-1820). Jean-Louis Michel Pierrot led a black battalion at the Battle of Vertières in 1803.Hence, he was instrumental in the last decisive Battle of the Haitian Revolution. Historians are unsure about his birth day, but he was born into slavery in 1761 in Acul-du-Nord, and was illiterate. When Christophe created a nobility in the North, he made Pierrot a prince.
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Louis Michel Pierrot became president of Haiti on April 16, 1845. During the first Haitian Kingdom, Henry I promoted Pierrot to the rank of Lieutenant General in the Army and granted him the hereditary title of Prince. As President of Haïti he was intended to be a figurehead for the mulatto ruling class. After a failure in that role, he was overthrown in a coup d’etat on March 24, 1846, after attempting reforms in the government. He resigned and retired to his plantation called Camp-Louise, where he led a quiet and peaceful life until his death on February 18, 1857.
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The North-South Civil War in Haiti: Alexandre Pétion and Henri Christophe

In 1806, Christophe and the Haitian general Alexandre Pétion overthrew Jean Jacques Dessalines. Subsequently, a short civil war broke out between Christophe and Pétion. By February 1807, Haiti was divided between Christophe who had clear charge over the North (State of Haiti) with some of the western part of the island, and Alexander Pétion who led the South also with some of the western part of the new country (Republic of Haiti). Christophe was elected president and served in that capacity from 1807 to 1811.
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Following a power struggle with Pétion and his supporters in the South, Christophe retreated with his followers to the Plaine-du-Nord of Haiti, the stronghold of former slaves, and created a separate government there. Christophe suspected he was also at risk of assassination in the South. In 1807 he declared himself “président et généralissime des forces de terre et de mer de l’État d’Haïti'” (English: President and Generalissimo of the armies of land and sea of the State of Haïti).[13] Pétion became President of the “Republic of Haïti” in the south, where he was backed by General Jean-Pierre Boyer, a gens du couleur who controlled the southern armies.
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#haiti #alexandrepetion #petion #petionville #powerstruggle #power #struggle #north #south #state #republic #caphaitian #capfrancais #caphenry #lecap #cap #okap #repiblik #ayiti #hayti #1804 #1807 #proclamation #independence #freedom #liberty #pap #portauprince