This year marks the 228th anniversary of the ceremony of Bwa Kayiman, where a secret voodoo ceremony was held deep in the woods of Cap Haitien (north of Haïti), on August 14, 1791. Presided by Dutty Boukman (Jamaica-born, voodoo priest and Imam) and Cecile Fatima, it was considered to be the official starting point of the Haitian Revolution, although there were previous rebellions held on the island prior to it. Others such as Georges Biassou, Jean F. Papillon and Jeannot Bullet were leaders of the early revolution who were also attending this ceremony. This voodoo ceremony sparked the Haitian Revolution which led to the birth of the first black independent nation and slaves to freedom.
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Cette année marque le 228e anniversaire de la cérémonie du Bois Caïman, là où eu lieu une cérémonie vaudou secrète au fond d’une forêt dense du Cap Haïtien (nord d’Haïti), le 14 août 1791. Présidé par Dutty Boukman (Esclave éduqué et prêtre vaudou né en Jamaïque) et Cécile Fatima, cette cérémonie est considérée comme le moment qui  déclancha la révolution Haïtienne, toutefois, il y eu d’autres rébellions sur l’île auparavant. Parmi les gens qui étaient présent, Georges Biassou, Jean F. Papillon et Jeannot Bullet, de la première révolution qui assistaient également à cette cérémonie. Cette cérémonie vaudou a déclenché la révolution haïtienne qui a donné naissance à la première nation indépendante noire et esclave de la liberté.
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Ane sa a make 228yèm anivèsè seremoni Bwa Kayiman, kote yo te fè yon seremoni vodou sekrè nan fon bwa Okap (nan nò Ayiti) nan dat 14 dawout 1791. Prezide pa Dutty Boukman, yon prèt vodou, ak Iman ki te edike) ak Cecile Fatima, seremoni a te konsidere kòm komansman revolisyon ayisyen an, men te gen rebelyon sou zile a anvan. Georges Biassou, Jean F. Papillon ak Jeannot Bullet te lidè premye revolisyon an ki te asiste seremoni sa a tou. Seremoni vodou sa a te deklannche revolisyon ayisyen an ki te bay premye nasyon endepandan nwa e esklav lib.
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Michel Domingue who was born in Les Cayes in 1813, became President of Haiti from June 14, 1874 until April 15, 1876. On June 11 1874, General Domingue was elected for a term of 8 years as president of Haiti. After political turmoil and violence, President Domingue resigned on April 15, 1876 and went into exile in Kingston, Jamaica, where he died a year later.
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Michel Domingue nait aux Cayes en 1813 et devient le président d’Haïti du 14 juin 1874 jusqu’au 5 avril 1876. Le 11 juin 1874, le Général Domingue fût élu président d’Haïti pour un mandant de 8 ans. À cause de l’instabilité du pays, le président Domingue quitte la présidence et part en exile à Kingston en Jamaïque. –

Michel Domingue te fèt nan vil Okay nan lane 1813 li te vinn prezidan peyi Ayiti yon 14 jwen 1874 pou jis 5 avril 1876. 11 jwen 1874, yo eli Jeneral Domingue kòm prezidan Ayiti pou yon manda ki te dwe dire 8 ane. Apre vyolans ak enstabilite nan peyi a, Prezidan Domingue te oblige exile nan vil Kingston nan Jamayik. . . . . . .

#haiti #hayti #ayiti #istwa1804 #history #istwa #1804 #micheldomingue #presidentdomingue #jamaica #jamaique #generaldomingue #exile #okay #lescayes #auxcayes #presidentofhaiti #kingston #kingstonjamaica #jamayik #april

In 1818 Pétion replaced Boyer as the 2nd President of the Republic of Haiti. Pétion had selected Boyer as his successor as a measure to protect the nation from foreign intrusion.
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Président Boyer was confronted with Henri Christophe in the north. Christophe’s rule created unrest in the Kingdom. After his soldiers rebelled against him in 1820, in failing health and fearing assassination, Christophe committed suicide. Boyer easily reunited Haiti.
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Born in Port-au-Prince, he was the mulatto son of a French tailor and a former slave from Congo. He was sent to France to become educated. During the French Revolution, he fought as a battalion commander, and against Toussaint Louverture in the early years of the Haitian Revolution.
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After the uprising of African slaves in the north of Saint-Domingue in 1791, Boyer joined the French and fought against the grand blancs (plantation owners) and royalists. In 1794, Saint-Domingue was invaded by the British trying to capitalize on the unrest in the formerly wealthy colony. Boyer went to Jacmel, and joined mulatto leader, General Rigaud. While other mulatto leaders surrendered to Louverture in south, Boyer escaped to France with Rigaud and Pétion.
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Next, he returned to Haiti to protest the independence that Louverture had just achieved. By early 1802, Rigaud and other leaders learned that the French intended to take away the civil rights of mulattoes and re-institute slavery in Saint-Domingue (as they had managed to do in Guadeloupe.) They sent General LeClerc to defeat the rebels, and Boyer collaborated with other native leaders to defeat the French but most had died as a result of yellow fever.
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Boyer’s rule lasted until 1843, the poor economic situation was worsened by an earthquake. The majority rural population rose up under President Hérard. On 13 Feb. 1843, Boyer fled to Jamaica. He eventually settled in exile in France, and died in Paris in 1850.
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#haiti #hayti #ayiti #boyer #president #petion #christophe #congo #kongo #france #revolution #haitians #african #republic #republique #royalist #britain #slaves #slavery #jamaica #frenchrevolution #haitianrevolution #revolutionfrancaise

Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal was a Haitian politician who served as the President of Haiti three times.

Boisrond-Canal was born on 12 June 1832 in the town of Les Cayes, Haiti. He began a military career. He was an officer from 1858 to 1867 during the administration of Fabre Geffrard. He then retired from military service and became a farmer. He went into exile to Jamaica twice during his 3 presidential terms.
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Boisrond-Canal was one of the most influential politicians of his time in Haiti and significantly influenced Haitian politics even when not serving as president. He died in Port-au-Prince on 6 March 1905.
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Source: Wikipedia
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#haiti #ayiti #istwa #istwa1804 #1804 #politics #president #haitians #haitian #hayti #pap #1905 #cayes #okay #jamaica #march6 #boisrond #canal #death

Faustin-Élie Soulouque was a Haitian politician and military commander who served as President of Haiti from 1847 to 1849 and Emperor of Haiti from 1849 to 1859.
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Soulouque was a general in the Haitian Army when he was appointed President of Haiti, acquiring autocratic powers to purge the army of the ruling elite, install black loyalists in administrative positions and the nobility, and created a secret police and a personal army. Soulouque declared the Second Haitian Empire in 1849 after being proclaimed Emperor under the name Faustin I, and formally crowned in 1852. He abdicated in 1859 under pressure from General Fabre Geffrard and Dominican military victory. Soulouque was temporarily exiled to Jamaica before returning to Haiti where he died in 1867. Source: Brittanica / wikipedia
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#faustin #soulouque #faustinsoulouque #haiti #ayiti #hayti #empeureur #emporor #1847 #president #march1st #march1 #march2nd #march2 #dominicanrepublic #dr #jamaica #exiled #exile #commander #military #voodoo #vaudou #haitianarmy #haitianrevolution #1804 #istwa1804 #istwa