This year marks the 228th anniversary of the ceremony of Bwa Kayiman, where a secret voodoo ceremony was held deep in the woods of Cap Haitien (north of Haïti), on August 14, 1791. Presided by Dutty Boukman (Jamaica-born, voodoo priest and Imam) and Cecile Fatima, it was considered to be the official starting point of the Haitian Revolution, although there were previous rebellions held on the island prior to it. Others such as Georges Biassou, Jean F. Papillon and Jeannot Bullet were leaders of the early revolution who were also attending this ceremony. This voodoo ceremony sparked the Haitian Revolution which led to the birth of the first black independent nation and slaves to freedom.
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Cette année marque le 228e anniversaire de la cérémonie du Bois Caïman, là où eu lieu une cérémonie vaudou secrète au fond d’une forêt dense du Cap Haïtien (nord d’Haïti), le 14 août 1791. Présidé par Dutty Boukman (Esclave éduqué et prêtre vaudou né en Jamaïque) et Cécile Fatima, cette cérémonie est considérée comme le moment qui  déclancha la révolution Haïtienne, toutefois, il y eu d’autres rébellions sur l’île auparavant. Parmi les gens qui étaient présent, Georges Biassou, Jean F. Papillon et Jeannot Bullet, de la première révolution qui assistaient également à cette cérémonie. Cette cérémonie vaudou a déclenché la révolution haïtienne qui a donné naissance à la première nation indépendante noire et esclave de la liberté.
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Ane sa a make 228yèm anivèsè seremoni Bwa Kayiman, kote yo te fè yon seremoni vodou sekrè nan fon bwa Okap (nan nò Ayiti) nan dat 14 dawout 1791. Prezide pa Dutty Boukman, yon prèt vodou, ak Iman ki te edike) ak Cecile Fatima, seremoni a te konsidere kòm komansman revolisyon ayisyen an, men te gen rebelyon sou zile a anvan. Georges Biassou, Jean F. Papillon ak Jeannot Bullet te lidè premye revolisyon an ki te asiste seremoni sa a tou. Seremoni vodou sa a te deklannche revolisyon ayisyen an ki te bay premye nasyon endepandan nwa e esklav lib.
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#haiti #boiscaiman #bwakayiman #ceremony #voodoo #vaudou #vodou #africa #1791 #1804 #boukman #jamaica #fatima #cecilefatima #biassou #caphaitien #okap #saintdomingue #imam #haitianrevolution #revolution

Jean-Jacques Louis Philippe Guerrier was a career officer and general in the Haitian Army who became President of Haïti on May 3, 1844. He died in office on April 15, 1845. A respected soldier, Guerrier had successfully commanded the southern black army during the Haitian Revolution. After Haiti became independent, he retired from active service and became a plantation owner. In May 1844, President Rivière-Hérard was removed from office by the mulatto hierarchy and replaced with the aged black general Philippe Guerrier, who assumed the presidency on May 3, 1844. Guerrier held office for only 11 months before he died on April 15, 1845.
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Jean-Jacques Louis Philippe Guerrier était officier de carrière et général dans l’armée haïtienne. Soldat respecté, Guerrier avait dirigé avec succès l’armée noire du sud durant la révolution haïtienne. Après l’indépendance d’Haïti, il prit sa retraite et devint propriétaire d’une plantation. En mai 1844, le président Rivière-Hérard fut démis de ses fonctions par la hiérarchie mulâtre et remplacé par le vieux général noir Philippe Guerrier, qui assuma la présidence le 3 mai 1844. Guerrier ne resta en poste que 11 mois avant sa mort, en exercice, le 15 avril 1845.
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Jean-Jacques Louis Philippe Guerrier se te yon ofisye, jeneral nan lame ayisyen. Yon sòlda ki te respekte, li te dirije lame a nwa sid la ak siksè nan revolisyon ayisyen an. Apre endepandans Ayiti a, li te pran retrèt li e li te vin mèt yon plantasyon. Nan mwa me 1844, Prezidan Rivière-Hérard te pedi pouvwa lè yerachi mulat la ranplase li pa general ansyen nwa a Philippe Guerrier, ki te monte sou prezidans nan 3 me 1844. Guerrier te sou pouvwa sèlman pou 11 mwa anvan l mouri, yon 15 avril 1845.
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Source:
1) www.haiti-reference.com
2) Wikipedia
#haiti #hayti #ayiti #presidentguerrier #presidentherard #guerrier #philippeguerrier #blackgeneral #president #southernblackarmy #blackarmy #haitianrevolution #sud #south #istwa1804 #istwa

Toussaint had been arrested and sent to Fort-de-Joux, heavily guarded, on April 7 1803, he passed away. Certainly he suffered from exposure and cold, and was said to have suffered from loneliness. An autopsy attributed his death to lung disease.
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Toussaint avait été arrêté et envoyé à Fort-de-Joux, sous haute surveillance, le 7 avril 1803, il est décédé. Certes, il souffrait de froid et d’exposition et aurait souffert de solitude. Une autopsie a attribué sa mort à une maladie pulmonaire.
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Yo te arete Toussaint Ayiti epi yo te voye l nan Fort-de-Joux, nan prizon a yo te byen veye li, nan dat 7 avril 1803, li te mouri. Sètènman li te soufri nan kondisyon fredi nan kacho a, e yo di li te soufri solitid. Yon otopsi atribiye lanmò li ak maladi poumon.
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Source: Victor Schoelcher, book Vie de Toussaint Louverture
1.Main) Bust of Toussaint Louverture
2.Prison of Fort de Joux, where Toussaint died. Kote Toussaint te mouri.
3.Memorial plate.
4.Memorial place with his remains. Simityè kote yo antere li.
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#haiti #hayti #tousaint #toussaintlouverture #louverture #fortdejoux #joux #france #prison #prisonner #prisonnier #memorial #haitians #haitianrevolution #revolution #slavery #abolition #breda #blackspartacus #freedom #general #slaverebellion #indigenous #spartacus

He was an officer in the Haitian Army under Alexandre Pétion against Henri Christophe. He was declared President of Haiti on 4 April 1843 and forced from office by revolutionaries on 3 May 1844.
Hérard was chief among the conspirators who ousted President Jean-Pierre Boyer during the 1843 Revolution. Soon afterward, General Hérard, who had the loyalty of the army, seized control of the government and declared himself President of Haiti.
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Il était officier dans l’armée haïtienne sous Alexandre Pétion contre Henri Christophe. Il a été déclaré président d’Haïti le 4 avril 1843. Les révolutionnaires l’ont démis de ses fonctions le 3 mai 1844.
Hérard était le principal des conspirateurs qui ont destitué le président Jean-Pierre Boyer lors de la révolution de 1843. Peu après, le général Hérard, fidèle à l’armée, prend le contrôle du gouvernement et se déclare président d’Haïti.
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Li te yon ofisye nan lame ayisyen anba Alexandre Pétion pandan li te kont Henri Christophe. Li te deklare Prezidan an Ayiti sou 4 avril 1843. Revolisyonè yo te fòse li kite pouvwa a 3 me 1844.
Hérard te chèf nan mitan konspiratè yo ki te ranvèse Prezidan Jean-Pierre Boyer pandan Revolisyon 1843 la. Yon ti tan apre sa, Jeneral Hérard, ki te lwayote lame a, te pran kontwòl gouvènman an epi li te deklare tèt li Prezidan an Ayiti.
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#haiti #hayti #ayiti #charlesherard #henrichristope #jeanpierreboyer #boyer #haitianrevolution #presidentofhaiti #alexandrepetion #revolution #army #haitianarmy #1843 #generalherard #general #chief #army #selfproclaimed #presidentavie #dominicanrepublic #haitians #government #pouvoir #power #caribbean #westindies

In 1818 Pétion replaced Boyer as the 2nd President of the Republic of Haiti. Pétion had selected Boyer as his successor as a measure to protect the nation from foreign intrusion.
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Président Boyer was confronted with Henri Christophe in the north. Christophe’s rule created unrest in the Kingdom. After his soldiers rebelled against him in 1820, in failing health and fearing assassination, Christophe committed suicide. Boyer easily reunited Haiti.
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Born in Port-au-Prince, he was the mulatto son of a French tailor and a former slave from Congo. He was sent to France to become educated. During the French Revolution, he fought as a battalion commander, and against Toussaint Louverture in the early years of the Haitian Revolution.
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After the uprising of African slaves in the north of Saint-Domingue in 1791, Boyer joined the French and fought against the grand blancs (plantation owners) and royalists. In 1794, Saint-Domingue was invaded by the British trying to capitalize on the unrest in the formerly wealthy colony. Boyer went to Jacmel, and joined mulatto leader, General Rigaud. While other mulatto leaders surrendered to Louverture in south, Boyer escaped to France with Rigaud and Pétion.
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Next, he returned to Haiti to protest the independence that Louverture had just achieved. By early 1802, Rigaud and other leaders learned that the French intended to take away the civil rights of mulattoes and re-institute slavery in Saint-Domingue (as they had managed to do in Guadeloupe.) They sent General LeClerc to defeat the rebels, and Boyer collaborated with other native leaders to defeat the French but most had died as a result of yellow fever.
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Boyer’s rule lasted until 1843, the poor economic situation was worsened by an earthquake. The majority rural population rose up under President Hérard. On 13 Feb. 1843, Boyer fled to Jamaica. He eventually settled in exile in France, and died in Paris in 1850.
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#haiti #hayti #ayiti #boyer #president #petion #christophe #congo #kongo #france #revolution #haitians #african #republic #republique #royalist #britain #slaves #slavery #jamaica #frenchrevolution #haitianrevolution #revolutionfrancaise

Adbaraya Toya aka Victoria Montou was born in the Dahomey Kingdom (Bénin), she ranked high amongst the Amazons known as N’Nonmiton filled with the fiercest warriors. She was a midwife, a warrior and a healer. She raised Haiti’s founding father Dessalines and his two brothers and taught him the physical maneuvers of effective hand to hand combat, how to shoot and how to throw a knife, and trained others in the art of war. Her abduction, would ship her to a new life of enslavement in Haiti. Her warrior spirit stayed with her and would not be broken through the slave trip. A soldier and freedom fighter in the army of Jean-Jacques Dessalines during the Haitian Revolution. She was not the only woman to serve in the Haitian army during the revolution, but most of the names of the female soldiers were forgotten by history.
Montou had worked alongside Dessalines as a slave. She was described as intelligent, energetic, and felt hatred toward slavery. She was an extraordinary warrior and commanded her own indigenous army. When Montou was dying, the emperor demanded the doctor to treat her as he would him, and stated that Toya, who was not related by blood to him, was his aunt. She was given a state funeral with a procession of eight sergeants.
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Source:wikipedia
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#haiti #hayti #ayiti #dahomey #amazon #amazons #istwa #istwa1804 #1804 #dessalines #haitians #haitianrevolution #benin #dahomee #victoriamontou #fanmvanyan #westafrica #slavery #slavetrade #saintdomingue #hispaniola #war #revolution #civilwar #womeninhistory #womenhistorymonth #black #blackpanther #femalewarriors #warriors #fanmvanyan

Lamartiniere, the second in command after Jean-Jacques Dessalines, at the battle of La Crete-a-Pierrot: Lamartinière looked in vain for Dessalines to come forth from the fortress with relief forces but only an old man, pretending to be an idiot, had worked his way through the French forces, to advise Lamartiniere that the fort was to be evacuated that night. After dark, on March 24, 1802, the besieged rebels opened by bayonet a corridor through more than 10,000 French troops. Most escaped to fight another day. –
Lamartiniere, dezyèm nan kòmandman apre Jean-Jacques Dessalines, nan batay Krèt-a-Pyewo: Lamartinière tap véye gade pou lè Dessalines ap soti nan fò a ak fòs sekou men se sèlman yon vye granmoun ki te pran pòz tankou se te yon moun sòt. Li te travay pou li jwenn wout li nan pami fòs franse yo, pou avize Lamartiniere ke fort a te dwe evakye lannwit sa a. Aprè fènwa, nan 24 mas 1802, rebèl yo te sènen, ak bayonèt yo, solda yo te arive fè yon jan pou yo pase nan mitan yon two franse de 10,000 moun. Pifò réyisi sove pou yo kapab al goumen yon lòt jou.
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Source: Heroes of Haiti, and Papa Toussaint,Wikipedia .
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#haiti #hayti #ayiti #istwa #istwa1804 #history #histoire #lamartiniere #dessalines #rebels #haitians #haitianrevolution #revolution #troops #independence #1802 #1804 #war #france #general #leclerc #generalleclerc #alexandrepetion #petion

On 12 March, the French forces attempted to gain control of the fort but failed; Jean Boudet’s French forces suffered losses of 480, and Dessalines’s forces suffered losses of 200-300. Another attempt was made on 22 March which led to 300 French deaths. On 24 March, Dessalines’s forces abandoned the fort in the night due to heavy losses, and the French gained control of it. Despite gaining control of the fort, the French had suffered major losses, including the death of General Charles Dugua. Alexandre Pétion, a mixed-race French general, played an important role in the capture of the fort when he managed to deploy his cannon on a hill overlooking the Haitian position.
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12 Mas, twoup franse yo te eseye tounen jwenn kontwòl fò a, men yo echwe; Fòs franse Jean Boudet te pèdi 480 moun, epi fòs Dessalines yo pèdi 200-300 moun. Yon lòt tantativ te fèt le 22 mas ki te mennen a 300 lanmò solda franse. 24 Mas, fòs Desalin la te abandone fò a nan mitan lannwit akòz yo te pèdi anpil moun, e franse yo te pran kontwòl sou li. Malgre Franse te kontwole fò a, yo pèdi Jeneral Charles Dugua. Alexandre Pétion, yon jeneral franse milàt, te jwe yon wòl enpòtan nan kaptire fò a lè li te rive deplwaye kanon li sou yon mòn ki te bay nan direksyon pozisyon ayisyen yo. Source:Wikipedia
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#haiti #ayiti #haiti1804 #1804 #istwa1804 #battle #stmarc #latibonit #artibonite #french #haitians #soldiers #haitianrevolution #revolt #dessalines #rebels #leclerc #generalleclerc #charlesleclerc

The Battle of Crête-à-Pierrot was a major battle of the Haitian Revolution. The battle took place at the Crête-à-Pierrot fort , east of Saint-Marc on the valley of the Artibonite River. It took place from March 4 to March 24 1802
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Batay nan Lakrèt-a-Pyewo te yon gwo batay nan Revolisyon Ayisyen an ap pran plas depi 4 mas jiska 24 mas 1802. Batay la te fèt nan fò Lakrèt-a-Pyewo, bò kote lès Saint Marc sou la vale larivyè Latibonit.
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#haiti #ayiti #haiti1804 #1804 #istwa1804 #battle #stmarc #latibonit #artibonite #french #haitians #soldiers #haitianrevolution #revolt #dessalines #rebels #leclerc #charlesleclerc #ayiti #hayti #hispaniola #saintdomingue

She was known as Marie-Jeanne and served in the Haitian army in the Battle of Crête-à-Pierrot during the Haitian Revolution. The wife of a young mulatto soldier, Louis Daure Lamartinière, she fought in male uniform. Thomas Madiou said: “she was known to fight like a brown Jeanne d’Arc”.
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Li te rele Marie-Jeanne epi li te sèvi nan lame ayisyen nan batay nan Crete-à-Pierrot pandan Revolisyon ayisyen an. Li te madanm yon jèn sòlda milat, yo te rele Louis Daure Lamartinière, li goumen nan inifòm gason. Thomas Madiou te di: “li te konnen pou l goumen tankou yon Jeanne d’Arc nwa.”
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Source/Sous:Wikipedia,Thomas Madiou
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#haiti #ayiti #hayti #istwa #istwa1804 #1804 #mariejeanne #lamartiniere #haitians #haitianrevolution #revolution #haitianarmy #generalleclerc #goud #gourdes #womeninhistory #blackwomen #black #thomasmadiou #women #madiou #soldier #mulatto #frencharmy #french #ayisyen