Storming Papa Doc
Documentary
directed by Mario L. Delatour
On July 28 1958, ex-army officers to Haiti from Florida landed in Delugé. They take possession of Dessalines Barracks behind the Palais National, in order to remove President François Duvalier. The night of July 28 to 29will be a long confrontation between Duvalier and his attacker. Former Captain Alix Pasquet, Lt. Henry Perpign, Dominique Philippe along with 5 American mercenaries.
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#duvalier #haiti #tuskegee #haitian #army #mercenaries #president #florida #documentary #film #dessalines #papadoc #history #istwa

On January 1, 1804, Jean-Jacques Dessalines declared Haiti’s independence and the country became the first free Black Republic, ending slavery. The Soup Joumou (winter squash), which was prepared by the slaves, for the slavemasters, was forbidden to them. Therefore, since January 1st 1804, its consumption is a strong symbol of celebration and liberation of the Haitian people which is celebrated every year around the world.
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Premye Janvye 1804, Jean-Jacques Desalin te deklare endepandans Ayiti, se te premye Repiblik nwa lib, sispan esklavaj. Soup Joumou, ki te prepare pou met esklav yo, te entèdi pou esklav yo. Se sa ki fè, depi jou sa a, nan dat sa a, konsomasyon li se yon senbol solid nan selebrasyon ak Liberasyon pep Ayisyen ke yo selebre atravè mond lan.
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Le 1er Janvier 1804, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, déclare l’indépendance d’Haïti et elle devient la première République Noire libre, mettant fin à l’esclavage.
La soupe au Giraumon qui était préparée pour les maîtres, était interdite aux esclaves. Par conséquent, depuis ce jour, à cette date, sa consommation est un symbole fort de célébration et de libération du peuple haïtien célébrée autour du monde.
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#ayiti #independance #endepandans #istwa #1804 #janvier #joumou #soupe #soup #ayisyen #haitien #haitian #blackrepublic #dessalines #slaves #slavery #history #histoire #haiti #slave #slavemaster #maitre #westindies #hispaniola #carribeans #africa #france #french 📸: Cindy Similien-Johnson

À l’arrivée de Jean Jacques Dessalines au Cap-Haïtien, il n’y avait que quelques incidents violents isolés à travers la ville. Cependant à son arrivée, les choses changèrent de façons radicales.
À la fin du mois d’avril 1804, 3 000 à 5 000 personnes avaient été tuées, ce qui signifie que les Blancs avaient pratiquement été éradiqués. Seuls trois groupes de Blancs — en dehors des étrangers — avaient été désignés comme devant être traités à part et épargnés : les soldats polonais qui avaient déserté de l’armée française, le petit groupe de colons allemands invités à s’installer dans le nord-ouest d’Haïti avant la révolution, et un groupe de médecins ou autres personnes qualifiées. Certains habitants ayant eu des liens avec des officiers de l’armée haïtienne auraient aussi été épargnées, de même que les femmes qui acceptaient d’épouser des hommes de couleur.
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When Jean Jacques Dessalines arrived in Cap-Haïtien, there were only isolated violent incidents throughout the city. However, when he arrived, things changed dramatically.

By the end of April 1804, 3,000 to 5,000 people had been killed, which means that Whites had virtually been eradicated. Only three groups of whites – apart from foreigners – had been designated as being to be treated separately and spared: the Polish soldiers who had deserted from the French army, the small group of German settlers invited to settle in the north. west of Haiti before the revolution, and a group of doctors or other qualified people. Some residents who had links with officers of the Haitian army were also spared, as well as women who agreed to marry men of color.

In 1805 French troops were still posted on the eastern part of the island (mainly in Santo Domingo) led by the French officer Marie-Louis Ferrand. He mobilized his troops and ordered them to seize all black children of both sexes below the age of 14 years to be sold as slaves. When Dessalines learned the news, he was outraged and decided to invade Santo Domingo, with his forces looting several towns, such as Azua and finally laying siege to the city of Santo Domingo, the stronghold of the French.
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According to sources, General Henry Christophe (referred to as Enrique Cristóbal), under Dessalines, attacked the towns of Moca and Santiago. The barrister “Gaspar de Arredondo y Pichardo(1)” wrote, that 40 children had their throat cut. They finally retreated after their failed invasion attempt. –
The story continues and says that on 6 April 1805, General Christophe and his troops took all male prisoners to the local cemetery and slit their throats, along with 20 priests. Later he set the whole town on fire along with its 5 churches. On his way out he took along, fashioned like a herd, 249 women, 430 girls and 318 boys. Alejandro Llenas wrote that Christophe took 997 from Santiago alone, and “Monte Plata, San Pedro and Cotuí were reduced to ashes, and their residents either had their throats slit or were taken captives by the thousands, like farm animals, tied up and getting beaten on their way to Haiti.”
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Many challenge the occurance of this event or its outcome, some even use it to justify the tension between some hispaniolans. We share the infos available to inform and so you can have discussions on it.
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Sources:
1.Wikipedia
2.History of my departure from the Island of Santo Domingo on the 28th of April,1805.
3.Johnnenry Gonzalez Ph.D. gonzalez27@usf.edu (islandluminous.fiu.edu/part03-slide08.html)
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#haiti #hayti #ayiti #invasion #french #france #henrichristophe #dessalines #santodomingo #enriquecristobal #cristobal #santiago #henrychristophe #monteplata #moca #sanpedro #cotui #azua #failedinvastion #1805 #ferrand #hispaniola #massacre

Adbaraya Toya aka Victoria Montou was born in the Dahomey Kingdom (Bénin), she ranked high amongst the Amazons known as N’Nonmiton filled with the fiercest warriors. She was a midwife, a warrior and a healer. She raised Haiti’s founding father Dessalines and his two brothers and taught him the physical maneuvers of effective hand to hand combat, how to shoot and how to throw a knife, and trained others in the art of war. Her abduction, would ship her to a new life of enslavement in Haiti. Her warrior spirit stayed with her and would not be broken through the slave trip. A soldier and freedom fighter in the army of Jean-Jacques Dessalines during the Haitian Revolution. She was not the only woman to serve in the Haitian army during the revolution, but most of the names of the female soldiers were forgotten by history.
Montou had worked alongside Dessalines as a slave. She was described as intelligent, energetic, and felt hatred toward slavery. She was an extraordinary warrior and commanded her own indigenous army. When Montou was dying, the emperor demanded the doctor to treat her as he would him, and stated that Toya, who was not related by blood to him, was his aunt. She was given a state funeral with a procession of eight sergeants.
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Source:wikipedia
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#haiti #hayti #ayiti #dahomey #amazon #amazons #istwa #istwa1804 #1804 #dessalines #haitians #haitianrevolution #benin #dahomee #victoriamontou #fanmvanyan #westafrica #slavery #slavetrade #saintdomingue #hispaniola #war #revolution #civilwar #womeninhistory #womenhistorymonth #black #blackpanther #femalewarriors #warriors #fanmvanyan

Lamartiniere, the second in command after Jean-Jacques Dessalines, at the battle of La Crete-a-Pierrot: Lamartinière looked in vain for Dessalines to come forth from the fortress with relief forces but only an old man, pretending to be an idiot, had worked his way through the French forces, to advise Lamartiniere that the fort was to be evacuated that night. After dark, on March 24, 1802, the besieged rebels opened by bayonet a corridor through more than 10,000 French troops. Most escaped to fight another day. –
Lamartiniere, dezyèm nan kòmandman apre Jean-Jacques Dessalines, nan batay Krèt-a-Pyewo: Lamartinière tap véye gade pou lè Dessalines ap soti nan fò a ak fòs sekou men se sèlman yon vye granmoun ki te pran pòz tankou se te yon moun sòt. Li te travay pou li jwenn wout li nan pami fòs franse yo, pou avize Lamartiniere ke fort a te dwe evakye lannwit sa a. Aprè fènwa, nan 24 mas 1802, rebèl yo te sènen, ak bayonèt yo, solda yo te arive fè yon jan pou yo pase nan mitan yon two franse de 10,000 moun. Pifò réyisi sove pou yo kapab al goumen yon lòt jou.
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Source: Heroes of Haiti, and Papa Toussaint,Wikipedia .
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#haiti #hayti #ayiti #istwa #istwa1804 #history #histoire #lamartiniere #dessalines #rebels #haitians #haitianrevolution #revolution #troops #independence #1802 #1804 #war #france #general #leclerc #generalleclerc #alexandrepetion #petion

On 12 March, the French forces attempted to gain control of the fort but failed; Jean Boudet’s French forces suffered losses of 480, and Dessalines’s forces suffered losses of 200-300. Another attempt was made on 22 March which led to 300 French deaths. On 24 March, Dessalines’s forces abandoned the fort in the night due to heavy losses, and the French gained control of it. Despite gaining control of the fort, the French had suffered major losses, including the death of General Charles Dugua. Alexandre Pétion, a mixed-race French general, played an important role in the capture of the fort when he managed to deploy his cannon on a hill overlooking the Haitian position.
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12 Mas, twoup franse yo te eseye tounen jwenn kontwòl fò a, men yo echwe; Fòs franse Jean Boudet te pèdi 480 moun, epi fòs Dessalines yo pèdi 200-300 moun. Yon lòt tantativ te fèt le 22 mas ki te mennen a 300 lanmò solda franse. 24 Mas, fòs Desalin la te abandone fò a nan mitan lannwit akòz yo te pèdi anpil moun, e franse yo te pran kontwòl sou li. Malgre Franse te kontwole fò a, yo pèdi Jeneral Charles Dugua. Alexandre Pétion, yon jeneral franse milàt, te jwe yon wòl enpòtan nan kaptire fò a lè li te rive deplwaye kanon li sou yon mòn ki te bay nan direksyon pozisyon ayisyen yo. Source:Wikipedia
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#haiti #ayiti #haiti1804 #1804 #istwa1804 #battle #stmarc #latibonit #artibonite #french #haitians #soldiers #haitianrevolution #revolt #dessalines #rebels #leclerc #generalleclerc #charlesleclerc

The Battle of Crête-à-Pierrot was a major battle of the Haitian Revolution. The battle took place at the Crête-à-Pierrot fort , east of Saint-Marc on the valley of the Artibonite River. It took place from March 4 to March 24 1802
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Batay nan Lakrèt-a-Pyewo te yon gwo batay nan Revolisyon Ayisyen an ap pran plas depi 4 mas jiska 24 mas 1802. Batay la te fèt nan fò Lakrèt-a-Pyewo, bò kote lès Saint Marc sou la vale larivyè Latibonit.
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#haiti #ayiti #haiti1804 #1804 #istwa1804 #battle #stmarc #latibonit #artibonite #french #haitians #soldiers #haitianrevolution #revolt #dessalines #rebels #leclerc #charlesleclerc #ayiti #hayti #hispaniola #saintdomingue

Marie Sainte Dédée Bazile (fl. 1806), aka Défilée and Défilée-La-Folle, is a figure of the Haitian Revolution. She is remembered for retrieving and burying the mutilated body of Emperor Jean-Jacques Dessalines after his assassination at Pont Larnage (now Pont Rouge) north of Port-au-Prince. –
Dédée Bazile was born near Cap-Français to enslaved parents and made a living serving as a sutler to the army of Dessalines. There are varying accounts of her madness but according to legend, Dédée Bazile either developed mental illness after she was raped by her master at age 18, or after some of her family members were killed in the defeat of Dessalines’s army by General Donatien Rochambeau.
On October 17, 1806, Emperor Dessalines was ambushed by his former comrades Alexandre Pétion, Jean-Pierre Boyer, André Rigaud, and Bruno Blanchet. He was fatally shot north of Port-au-Prince. His body was then brought into the city where it was stoned and mutilated by the crowds. Dédée Bazile, a fanatic admirer of Dessalines, gathered his remains in a sack and transported them to the Cimetière Intérieur to bury them.
Dédée Bazile died around 1816 and was buried in Port-au-Prince, but her grave has been lost. She was survived by her several children including her son Colonel Condol Bazile, officer of the constabulary under the Haitian president Faustin Soulouque. She is considered one of the four symbolic heroines of the independence of Haiti, alongside Sanité Bélair, Catherine Flon, and Cécile Fatiman
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#haiti #ayiti #istwa1804 #hayti #1804 #haitians #womenhistorymonth #women #blackwomen #black #dessalines #emperor #haitianrevolution #crazy #lafolle #slave #sanitebelair #catherineflon #cecilefatiman #revolution #women #history

On this day of 9 March 1807 Alexandre Petion becomes President of the Republic of Haiti.
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Following the assassination of Dessalines on October 17, 1806, Pétion championed the ideals of democracy and clashed with Henri Christophe who wanted absolute rule. Christophe was elected president, but he did not believe the position had sufficient power, as Pétion kept powers for himself. Christophe went to the north with his followers and established an autocracy, declaring the State of Haiti. The loyalties of the country divided between them, and the tensions between the blacks and mulattoes of the North and South, respectively, were reignited.
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Pétion was elected President in 1807 of the southern Republic of Haiti. After the inconclusive struggle dragged on until 1810, a peace treaty was agreed to and the country was split in two.
Source:wiki
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#alexandrepetion #petion #ayiti #haiti #istwa #istwa1804 #hayti #1804 #haitian #haitianrevolution #dessalines #foundingfathers #toussaintlouverture #mulatto #pap #portauprince #revolution #saintdomingue #france #henrichristophe #christophe #simonbolivar #bolivar #president