In 1818 Pétion replaced Boyer as the 2nd President of the Republic of Haiti. Pétion had selected Boyer as his successor as a measure to protect the nation from foreign intrusion.
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Président Boyer was confronted with Henri Christophe in the north. Christophe’s rule created unrest in the Kingdom. After his soldiers rebelled against him in 1820, in failing health and fearing assassination, Christophe committed suicide. Boyer easily reunited Haiti.
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Born in Port-au-Prince, he was the mulatto son of a French tailor and a former slave from Congo. He was sent to France to become educated. During the French Revolution, he fought as a battalion commander, and against Toussaint Louverture in the early years of the Haitian Revolution.
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After the uprising of African slaves in the north of Saint-Domingue in 1791, Boyer joined the French and fought against the grand blancs (plantation owners) and royalists. In 1794, Saint-Domingue was invaded by the British trying to capitalize on the unrest in the formerly wealthy colony. Boyer went to Jacmel, and joined mulatto leader, General Rigaud. While other mulatto leaders surrendered to Louverture in south, Boyer escaped to France with Rigaud and Pétion.
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Next, he returned to Haiti to protest the independence that Louverture had just achieved. By early 1802, Rigaud and other leaders learned that the French intended to take away the civil rights of mulattoes and re-institute slavery in Saint-Domingue (as they had managed to do in Guadeloupe.) They sent General LeClerc to defeat the rebels, and Boyer collaborated with other native leaders to defeat the French but most had died as a result of yellow fever.
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Boyer’s rule lasted until 1843, the poor economic situation was worsened by an earthquake. The majority rural population rose up under President Hérard. On 13 Feb. 1843, Boyer fled to Jamaica. He eventually settled in exile in France, and died in Paris in 1850.
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On this day of 9 March 1807 Alexandre Petion becomes President of the Republic of Haiti.
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Following the assassination of Dessalines on October 17, 1806, Pétion championed the ideals of democracy and clashed with Henri Christophe who wanted absolute rule. Christophe was elected president, but he did not believe the position had sufficient power, as Pétion kept powers for himself. Christophe went to the north with his followers and established an autocracy, declaring the State of Haiti. The loyalties of the country divided between them, and the tensions between the blacks and mulattoes of the North and South, respectively, were reignited.
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Pétion was elected President in 1807 of the southern Republic of Haiti. After the inconclusive struggle dragged on until 1810, a peace treaty was agreed to and the country was split in two.
Source:wiki
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Born free in 1780 to a free black prominent man in the North of St-Domingue, he was a career officer and general in the Haitian Army.
His father was a sergeant in the colonial militia and probably served in the rebel forces. Riché himself joined the Haitian Revolutionaries (around 1801). After Haiti gained independence, Riché joined the forces of Henri Christophe, and later promoted him to the rank of general and deputy commander of his army. Riché was instrumental in Christophe’s victory at the Battle of Siebert. During the siege of Port-au-Prince in 1811, Riché commanded the left wing of Christophe’s army. He quickly became one of Christophe’s most trusted commanders, and as a consequence he was placed in command of Haïti’s Northern Province, where he was effective in subduing the mulatto population.

After Christophe’s downfall in 1820, Riché supported the new government and was therefore able to retain his post during the administration of Jean-Pierre Boyer, and those that followed. This continued until Jean-Louis Pierrot became President of Haïti in 1845. Pierrot attempted to reform the Haitian government, causing the Boyerist hierarchy of Haiti to sponsor a rebellion in the provinces of Port-au-Prince and Artibonite in 1846. The rebel army under mulatto control proclaimed Riché president of Haiti on March 1, 1846. After much of the Haitian army sided with the rebels, President Pierrot relinquished his office on March 24, 1846. After gaining the presidency of Haiti, one of Riché’s first acts was to restore the Constitution of 1816.

As president, Riché was considered a failure by his Boyerist backers. He soon proposed reforms similar to those espoused by former President Pierrot. Probably as a result of these proposals he died on February 27, 1847, possibly from being poisoned, although this has never been established. Riché’s presidency opened the way for considerable changes in the political landscape of Haiti during the succeeding administrations.
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After the departure of the Duvalier regime in 1986, the color of the flag reverted to the Blue and Red. According to a few sources, the people requested the return of the red and blue flag. On February 25 1986, they filled up a Proclamation and the new flag was adopted by February 26 1986. .
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#haiti #haitianflag #haitianflagday #haitian #ayiti #istwa #istwa1804 #duvalier #papadoc #babydoc #drapo #drapeau #dessalines #christophe #blue #red #1986 #colors #ousted #freedom #politics

Between 1964 and 1986, the family dictatorships of François “Papa Doc” and Jean-Claude “Baby Doc” Duvalier returned to Dessalines’ black and red design. They included the national coat of arms, but altered the flags in its trophy to black as well.

Because the coat of arms is only used for national and military flags, whereas the civil flag consists solely of the two unaugmented horizontal bands.

Under the presidency of François Duvalier, who called himself “noiriste”, an ideological movement born of the indigenous school, the literary movement « Griots » of which he was a founding member. In fact, Duvalier adopted the flag of Dessalines and Christophe to symbolize his political orientation and his ideological vision. Under his presidency, many mulattoes, in the departments of the South and Grand’Anse, were murdered to fight the prejudices of colors in Haiti. However, Duvalier had been very supportive of the economic emergence of the Levantines close to the Americans, as was the case with Dessalines with the Poles, the English and the Americans during the massacre of French whites. These are tactical choices to divide the strangers between themselves in order to maintain power.

Whether Dessalines, Christophe or Duvalier, the choice of colors of the flag by these politicians is still based on an ideological basis. Sources:Mathias Pierre / Wikipedia
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#haiti #haitianflag #haitianflagday #haitian #ayiti #istwa #istwa1804 #duvalier #papadoc #babydoc #drapo #drapeau #dessalines #christophe #black #red #1964 #colors #color

After Dessalines was assassinated, Christophe retreated to the Plaine-du-Nord and created a separate government. On February 17th 1807, he was elected President of the State of Haiti, as he named that area. Alexandre Pétion was elected president in the South. A constitution for the State of Haiti declares him president for life. For more details follow our IG page and stay updated!
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On January 27th 1801, Toussaint Louverture invaded the eastern part of Hispaniola, captured Santo Domingo and declared freedom for all slaves on, he then appointed a ten-member Central Assembly to issue a constitution.
However, under Napoleon Bonaparte, France reimposed slavery in most of its Caribbean islands in 1802. Napoleon sent an army led by Charles Leclerc to bring order and reimpose slavery in Saint-Domingue.

Following those events, thousands of the French troops succumbed to yellow fever by the summer, and more than half of the French army died because of disease.
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