Joseph Davilmar Théodore (1847–1917) was President of Haïti from 7 November 1914 to 22 February 1915. Born in the town of Ennery in the northern half of the country, he began his career in the military, and organized the cacao farmers of the north in the revolt against President Oreste Zamor. His inability to pay the farmers as he had promised for participating in the rebellion soon led to his resignation in favor of Jean Vilbrun Guillaume Sam. Vilbrun who ousted him, was his delagate in the North, he was also previoulsy sentenced to 15 years of forced labour for his implication in the consolidated bonds affair. Théodore served as the President of the Senate of Haiti in 1910s.

It is under his governement that the US marines, “to prevent further raids”, came to Haiti aboard the USS Machias and took $500,000 in gold from the National Bank (franco-german) to the City Bank in New York. This all originated from a dispute between the government, the railroads and the National Bank, there were guarantees against leases of coaling or naval stations to any European country. When Davilmar Theodore ousted Zamor, he rejected those demands. Thats when he rejected those demands and his government printed large quantities of paper currency and seized 65,000$ of the bank’s gold supply.
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The Battle of Ravine-à-Couleuvres (Haitian Creole: Batay Ravin Koulèv), also known as the Battle of Snake Gully, was a major battle of the Haitian Revolution held on 23 February 1802.

A French division under General Donatien de Rochambeau was advancing down a ravine (the Ravine-à-Couleuvres), towards Lacroix, Artibonite, where they attacked the army of Toussaint Louverture.
Louverture’s forces resisted the attack strongly, but had to retreat across the Petite-Rivière after suffering 800 deaths.

In a statement made at the Fort de Joux, Louverture claimed that his forces consisted of 300 grenadiers and 60 cavalry, although other sources indicate that his forces contained over 3,000 regular infantry troops.
However, it is almost certain that a large number of his forces – up to 2,000 men – were agricultural workers who joined the rebel forces.
Louverture wrote that the French forces contained over 4,000 infantry soldiers, but according to the novelist and historian Madison Smartt Bell, Rochambeau probably landed at Fort-Liberté with 1,800 men, but not all of these would have marched on Gonaïves.

Prior to the battle on 22 February 1802, the French occupied the heights of Morne Barade and were attacked by rebel troops; the battle raged throughout the night and the French forces successfully resisted the attack. The following morning, the Haitian forces advanced out of the Ravine-à-Couleuvres as the French were travelling down it towards Lacroix, while Louverture rallied his cavalry.
According to Bell, the losses of Louverture’s army were minor.

Source: Wikipedia .
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#battle #ravine #couleuvre #snake #gully #haiti #haitian #revolution #haitianrevolution #february #feb23rd #1802 #french #general #rochambeau #lacroix #latibonit #lartibonite #toussaint #toussaintlouverture #grenadier #fortdejoux #fortliberte #ayiti #caribbean #caraibes