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Born free in 1780 to a free black prominent man in the North of St-Domingue, he was a career officer and general in the Haitian Army.
His father was a sergeant in the colonial militia and probably served in the rebel forces. Riché himself joined the Haitian Revolutionaries (around 1801). After Haiti gained independence, Riché joined the forces of Henri Christophe, and later promoted him to the rank of general and deputy commander of his army. Riché was instrumental in Christophe’s victory at the Battle of Siebert. During the siege of Port-au-Prince in 1811, Riché commanded the left wing of Christophe’s army. He quickly became one of Christophe’s most trusted commanders, and as a consequence he was placed in command of Haïti’s Northern Province, where he was effective in subduing the mulatto population.
After Christophe’s downfall in 1820, Riché supported the new government and was therefore able to retain his post during the administration of Jean-Pierre Boyer, and those that followed. This continued until Jean-Louis Pierrot became President of Haïti in 1845. Pierrot attempted to reform the Haitian government, causing the Boyerist hierarchy of Haiti to sponsor a rebellion in the provinces of Port-au-Prince and Artibonite in 1846. The rebel army under mulatto control proclaimed Riché president of Haiti on March 1, 1846. After much of the Haitian army sided with the rebels, President Pierrot relinquished his office on March 24, 1846. After gaining the presidency of Haiti, one of Riché’s first acts was to restore the Constitution of 1816.
As president, Riché was considered a failure by his Boyerist backers. He soon proposed reforms similar to those espoused by former President Pierrot. Probably as a result of these proposals he died on February 27, 1847, possibly from being poisoned, although this has never been established. Riché’s presidency opened the way for considerable changes in the political landscape of Haiti during the succeeding administrations.
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