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In 1818 Pétion replaced Boyer as the 2nd President of the Republic of Haiti. Pétion had selected Boyer as his successor as a measure to protect the nation from foreign intrusion.
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Président Boyer was confronted with Henri Christophe in the north. Christophe’s rule created unrest in the Kingdom. After his soldiers rebelled against him in 1820, in failing health and fearing assassination, Christophe committed suicide. Boyer easily reunited Haiti.
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Born in Port-au-Prince, he was the mulatto son of a French tailor and a former slave from Congo. He was sent to France to become educated. During the French Revolution, he fought as a battalion commander, and against Toussaint Louverture in the early years of the Haitian Revolution.
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After the uprising of African slaves in the north of Saint-Domingue in 1791, Boyer joined the French and fought against the grand blancs (plantation owners) and royalists. In 1794, Saint-Domingue was invaded by the British trying to capitalize on the unrest in the formerly wealthy colony. Boyer went to Jacmel, and joined mulatto leader, General Rigaud. While other mulatto leaders surrendered to Louverture in south, Boyer escaped to France with Rigaud and Pétion.
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Next, he returned to Haiti to protest the independence that Louverture had just achieved. By early 1802, Rigaud and other leaders learned that the French intended to take away the civil rights of mulattoes and re-institute slavery in Saint-Domingue (as they had managed to do in Guadeloupe.) They sent General LeClerc to defeat the rebels, and Boyer collaborated with other native leaders to defeat the French but most had died as a result of yellow fever.
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Boyer’s rule lasted until 1843, the poor economic situation was worsened by an earthquake. The majority rural population rose up under President Hérard. On 13 Feb. 1843, Boyer fled to Jamaica. He eventually settled in exile in France, and died in Paris in 1850.
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